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Thursday, April 21, 2005
New Pope promises to work to reunify Christians
VATICAN CITY -- Pope Benedict XVI pledged Wednesday to work to unify all Christians, reach out to other religions and continue the reforms of the Second Vatican Council as he outlined his goals and made clear he would follow in the footsteps of his predecessor, Pope John Paul II.
Benedict, the former Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, listed top priorities of his papacy in a message read in Latin to cardinals gathered in the Sistine Chapel for the first Mass celebrated by the 265th leader of the Roman Catholic Church.
He said his "primary task" would be to work to reunify all Christians and that sentiment alone was not enough. "Concrete acts that enter souls and move consciences are needed," he said.
He said he wanted to continue "an open and sincere dialogue" with other religions and would do everything in his power to improve the ecumenical cause.
The message was clearly designed to show that Benedict intended to follow many of the groundbreaking paths charted by Pope John Paul II, who had made reaching out to other religions and trying to heal the 1,000-year-old schism in Christianity hallmarks of his pontificate.
Benedict referred to John Paul several times in his message, including a reference to the late Pope's final will, where John Paul said he hoped new generations would draw on the work of the Second Vatican Council, the 1962-65 meeting that modernized the church.
"I too ... want to affirm with decisive willingness to follow in the commitment of carrying out the Second Vatican Council, in the wake of my predecessors and in faithful continuity with the 2,000-year-old tradition of the church," he said.
John Paul, with Benedict as his doctrinal enforcer, supported council reforms but cracked down on what both men considered excesses spawned by the changes, including calls for priests to be allowed to marry and admission of women into the priesthood.
The Vatican's hard-line enforcer of church orthodoxy under John Paul II for almost 25 years, Benedict had gone into the two-day conclave one of the favorites. He emerged Tuesday as the oldest pontiff at the time of his election in 275 years and the first Germanic pope in almost a millennium.
A cheering crowd of more than 100,000 welcomed Benedict when he stepped onto the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica as dusk fell Tuesday and gave his first blessing as pope. By contrast, St. Peter's Square was nearly empty early Wednesday, although by the end of the Mass a few hundred people had gathered to watch the proceedings on giant television screens.
"We greet our Pope Benedict XVI," read a poster toted by teenagers from a high school in Handrup, Germany, who were in the square when Benedict's black Mercedes convertible, its top up and Vatican flags flying, drove into and out of his former offices at the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
Ratzinger selected a name rich in European tradition--the first Pope Benedict, who ruled from 575-579, was declared the patron saint of Europe because of his involvement in forming Christian Europe.
Vatican watchers said Ratzinger's selection of the name indicated he would emphasize the need to consolidate Europe's Christian roots.
Benedict said he had been surprised by his election, and German Cardinal Joachim Meisner told reporters late Tuesday that he had looked "a little forlorn" when he went to change into his papal vestments in the Room of Tears--which earned its nickname because many new pontiffs get choked up there, realizing the enormity of their mission.
Meisner added: "By the time dinner came around, Ratzinger was looking much better and very much like the Pope."
Benedict asked cardinals to dine together on bean soup, cold cuts, a salad and fruit, Meisner said. The nuns who prepare their meals at the Vatican hotel where the cardinals were sequestered during the conclave didn't have time to plan a special menu, so there were only two special treats--ice cream and champagne.
In his first words as Pope delivered from the loggia overlooking St. Peter's Square, Benedict paid tribute in accented Italian to "the great John Paul II."
He called himself "a simple, humble worker in the vineyard of the Lord."
It was a sign of John Paul's charismatic legacy looming over the new pontiff, who is described by people who know him as intellectual, cultured and rather reserved.
Benedict said Wednesday he felt John Paul's presence as he wrestled with two conflicting emotions following the election: thanks to God for the gift of being Pope but also "a sense of inadequacy" in carrying out the responsibility.
"I seem to feel his strong hand holding mine, I feel I can see his smiling eyes and hear his words, at this moment particularly directed at me: 'Be not afraid."'
Benedict turned 78 on Saturday, the oldest Pope elected since Clement XII in 1730. His age clearly was a factor among cardinals who favored a "transitional" pope who could skillfully lead the church as it absorbs John Paul II's legacy, rather than a younger cardinal who could wind up with another long pontificate.
His election in four ballots over two days--the first of Tuesday's afternoon session--concluded one of the shortest conclaves in 100 years.
A conservative on issues such as homosexuality, the ordination of women and lifting the celibacy requirement for priests, Benedict has led the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith--a position he used to discipline church dissidents and uphold church policy against attempts at reform by liberals and activist priests.
His background was clearly on the minds of cardinals a day after the election.
"God has taken the most unusual people and placed them in places of authority, power if you will, and used them for his purposes," said American Cardinal Adam Maida. "So I believe that Cardinal Ratzinger, with all his gifts and talents and even some of his shortcomings, will somehow be able to reach others."
British Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor suggested Ratzinger might temper some of his positions, at least publicly.
"The Pope now has a platform and a place he didn't have before. Now he has much wider responsibilities and I think he's aware of that," Murphy-O'Connor said, adding that Ratzinger was elected "notwithstanding his age."
Joy over the selection of a new Pope mixed with worries that Benedict could polarize a global church, whose challenges include growing secularism in rich countries and inroads by evangelical groups in regions such as Latin America.
"He could be a wedge rather than a unifier for the church," said the Rev. Thomas Reese, editor of the Jesuit weekly magazine America.
Evelyn Strauch, a 54-year-old housewife from Ratzinger's home state of Bavaria, buried her head in her hands and wept as she stood in St. Peter's.
"This can't be true," she said. "I had hoped so much that we would get a good Pope who would do something for women...This is so terrible."
Mark Wunsch, 27, a religious philosophy student from Denver, Colorado, was elated.
"The cardinals elected a good and holy man who was close to Pope John Paul II," he said. "He'll be a wonderful and good leader in preaching the truth and love."
But the Greek Metropolitan Bishop Chrisostomos of Zakynthos expressed concern that Benedict may not work to unite Christians. Unless his record changes, he said, "it will be a huge thorn, a great difficulty in continuing the efforts of his predecessors with the Orthodox for convergence, as was the will of Christ."
Benedict inherits a range of pressing issues. These include priest sex-abuse scandals that have cost the church millions in settlements in the United States and elsewhere, chronic shortages of priests and nuns in the West and calls for easing the ban on condoms to help fight the spread of Aids.
And he has to follow in the footsteps of John Paul II, the global pontiff who made 104 international trips in his more than 26 years as Pope and set new standards in reaching out to other religions.
In an indication that he would indeed travel and continue to reach out to young people like John Paul, Benedict said Wednesday he planned to attend the church's World Youth Day celebrations in Cologne, Germany this August.
Two images of Ratzinger have emerged in recent days.
With his wispy silver hair blowing in the wind, the German prelate stood before the world's political and spiritual leaders at John Paul's funeral April 8 and offered an eloquent and sensitive farewell that moved some to tears.
Then, just before the cardinals entered the conclave Monday morning, he made clear where he stands ideologically, using words that John Paul would surely have endorsed. He warned about tendencies that he considered dangers to the faith: sects and ideologies like Marxism, liberalism, atheism, agnosticism and relativism--the ideology that there are no absolute truths.
"We are moving toward a dictatorship of relativism which does not recognize anything as for certain and which has as its highest goal one's own ego and one's own desires," the future 265th pope said.
Benedict has denounced rock music, dismissed anyone who had tried to find "feminist" meanings in the Bible, and last year told American bishops it was appropriate to deny Communion to those who support abortion and euthanasia.
Ratzinger is the first Germanic Pope in nearly 1,000 years. His faith is rooted in Bavaria, the Alpine region with Germany's strongest Catholic identity. Like many of his generation, he carries the burden of Germany's past.
In his memoirs, the policeman's son wrote of being enrolled in Hitler's Nazi youth movement against his will when he was 14 in 1941, when membership was compulsory. He says he was soon let out because of his studies for the priesthood.
While his Nazi past has sparked some concern among Jews, Israel's government said it hoped Benedict, like John Paul, will "be a strong voice against anti-Semitism in all its forms." (AP)
(April 21, 2005 issue)
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